Food preservation temperatures and shelf life - HAM Systems store

Food preservation temperatures and shelf life

Disclaimer: You should always check the product's instructions for safe storage. The following lists are only indicative.


Maintaining the optimal temperature and humidity is essential for food preservation of quality, nutrient content, and control of bacterial growth. Continuous monitoring of food temperature is necessary to ensure the optimal food storage conditions.
It is required by various international food safety standards, such as HACCP and ISO 22000.

Food preservation temperature table index

Dry Storage

Many items such as canned goods, baking supplies, grains, and cereals may be kept safely in dry storage areas. You should follow these guidelines:

  • Keep dry storage areas clean with good ventilation to control humidity and prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
  • Store dry foods at 10°C for maximum shelf life. However, 20°C is adequate for dry storage of most products.
  • Place a thermometer on the wall or a temperature data logger for greater security, in the dry storage area.
  • Check the temperature and humidity of the storeroom daily or have the data logger do it for you.
  • Store foods away from sources of heat and light, which decrease shelf life.
  • Store foods off the floor and away from walls to allow for adequate air circulation.

Refrigerated Storage

Refrigeration increases shelf life of most products. Most importantly, refrigeration slows bacterial growth. Optimal refrigerated food storage conditions can be achieved by following these guidelines:

  • Maintain refrigerated storage spaces at 0-4°C.
  • Make thermometers readily observable, easily readable, and accurate to +/-2°C or adjust an accurate temperature sensor nearby .
  • Position the temperature sensor to register the warmest air in the refrigerated space to ensure adequate cooling.
  • Establish the correct refrigerator temperature by placing a thermometer or a sensor in a glass of water in the middle of the refrigerator. Wait 5 to 8 hours. If the temperature is not 3.3-4.4°C, adjust the temperature control. Check again after 5-8 hours.
  • Ensure that refrigerators have enough open, slotted shelving to allow for air circulation around shelves and refrigerator walls to maintain proper food temperatures.
  • Ensure that doors have a good seal and close tightly to maintain the temperature and the efficiency of the unit. Additionally, keep doors closed as much as possible. Place magnetic sensors on the door, to monitor its status.
  • Keep a back-up appliance thermometer in the unit in case of a power outage. If the refrigerator is still 4.4°C when the power returns, the food is safe. The food should not be consumed if the temperature is held at 4.4°C for more than two hours.

Freezer Storage

Freezers should be used to store frozen food when it is received. Optimal frozen storage conditions can be achieved by following these guidelines:

  • Maintain freezer storage spaces at -17°C or below.
  • Position the temperature sensor to represent the actual storage temperature or place several thermometers in the unit to ensure accuracy and consistency.
  • Establish the correct temperature in the freezer by placing a thermometer between frozen food packages. Wait 5 to 8 hours. If the temperature is not -17°C, adjust the freezer temperature control. Check again after 5-8 hours.
  • Ensure that freezers have enough open, slotted shelving to allow for air circulation around shelves and walls to maintain adequate food temperatures.
  • Ensure that doors have a good seal and close tightly to prevent heat gain. Additionally, keep doors closed as much as possible. Place magnetic sensors on the door, to monitor its status.
  • Keep a back-up appliance thermometer in the unit in case of a power outage. If the freezer is still -17°C when the power returns, the food is safe.

More specifically, in the table below you can find indicative storage temperatures, by product category. You will find products among the categories of (Diary, fruits and vegetables, meat, fish etc).

Appropriate storage conditions – temperature and humidity – are required to maximize storage time and maintain the quality of the fruits and vegetables harvested.
Fresh fruits need low temperature and high relative humidity to slow down metabolic processes. The table below shows the optimum temperatures and humidity conditions for some common fruits and vegetables.

Product Search

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  3. Seafood
  4. Baked
  5. Dairy
  6. Cheese
  7. Products containing egg
  8. Miscellaneous
  9. Pantry

Fruits and Vegetables

Product Best Storage Temperature ° C Freezing Point
° C
Optimal Humidity
%
Approximate Storage Life
Apples -1.1 – 4. -1.5 90-95 1-12 months
Apricots -0.6 – 0 -1 90-95 1-3 weeks
Artichokes 0.5 -0.6 90-95
Artichokes, Jerusalem -0.5 – 0 -2 90-95 4-5 months
Asparagus 0 – 1.6 -0.6 95-100 2-3 weeks
Avocados, ripe 3.3 – 7.2 85-95
Avocados, unripe 7.2 – 10 85-95
Bananas, green 16 – 21 85-95
Bananas, ripe 13.3 – 15.6 85-95
Basil 11.1 – 15 90-95
Beans, dry 4.4 – 10 40-50 6-10 months
Beans, green or snap 4.4 – 7.2 -0.7 95 7-10 days
Beans, sprouts 0 95-100 7-9 days
Beets 0 – 1.6 90-95
Beets, bunched 0 -0.3 98-100 10-14 days
Beets, topped 0 -0.9 98-100 4-6 months
Blackberries 0 – 0.5 -0.8 90-95 2-3 days
Blueberries 0 – 1.6 90-95
Bok Choy 0 – 1.5 90-95
Broccoli 0 -0.6 95-100 10-14 days
Brussels Sprouts 0 -0.8 90-95 3-5 weeks
Bunched Greens 0 90-95
Cabbage, early 0 -0.8 98-100 3-6 weeks
Cabbage, late 0 -0.9 98-100 5-6 months
Cantaloupe 2.2 – 3 90-95
Carrots, bunched 0 95-100 2 weeks
Carrots, immature 0 -1.3 98-100 4-6 weeks
Carrots, mature 0 -1.3 98-100 7-9 months
Cauliflower 0 -0.778 95-98 3-4 weeks
Cauliflower 0 – 1.67 90-95
Celery 0 -0.5 98-100 2-3 months
Celeriac 0 -0.9 97-99 6-8 months
Chard 0 95-100 10-14 days
Cherries 0 – 1.7 90-95
Cherries, sour 0 -1.7 90-95 3-7 days
Cherries, sweet -1.1 – -0.5 -1.8 90-95 2-3 weeks
Chicory 0 – 1.67 90-95
Chicory, witloof 0 95-100 2-4 weeks
Chinese Pea Pods 0 – 1.6 90-95
Coconuts 12.8 – 15 80-85
Collards 0 -0.7 95-100 10-14 days
Corn, sweet 0 -0.6 95-98 5-8 days
Cranberries 3.3 – 5.5 90-95
Cucumbers 10 – 12.8 -0.5 95 10-14 days
Currants -0.6 – 0 -1 90-95 1-4 weeks
Eggplant 7.8 – 12.2 -0.8 90-95 1 week
Elderberries -0.556 – 0 90-95 1-2 weeks
Endive 0 -0.1 95-100 2-3 weeks
Escarole 0 – 1.6 90-95
Escarole 0 -0.1 95-100 2-3 weeks
Figs 0 – 1.6 90-95
Garlic 0 -0.8 65-70 6-7 months
Ginger Root 15 – 18.3 65-70
Gooseberries -0.556 – 0 -1.1 90-95 3-4 weeks
Grapefruit 12.8 – 15.6 90-95
Grapes -0.6 – 0 -1.2 85 2-8 weeks
Green Beans 4.4 – 7 90-95
Green Peas 0 – 1.67 90-95
Greens, leafy 0 95-100 10-14 days
Guavas 7.2 – 10 90-95
Herbs 0 – 1.67 90-95
Horseradish -1.11 – 0 -1.83 98-100 10-12 months
Jicama 11 – 18.3 65-70 1-2 months
Kale 0 -0.5 95-100 2-3 weeks
Kiwi, ripe 0 – 1.6 90-95
Kiwi, unripe 0 – 1.7 90-95
Kohlrabi 0 -1 98-100 2-3 months
Leeks 0 -0.7 95-100 2-3 months
Lemons 11 – 12.8 90-95
Lettuce 0 -0.17 98-100 2-3 weeks
Limes 8.8 – 12 90-95
Lychees 4.4 – 7.2 90-95
Mangos 10 – 12.8 85-95
Melons, Casaba/Persian 10 – 12 85-95
Melons, Crenshaw 10 – 11 85-95
Melons, Honey Dew 10 – 12 85-95
Mushrooms 0 -0.8 95 3-4 days
Napa 0 – 1.6 90-95
Nectarines -0.6 – 0 -0.9 90-95 2-4 weeks
Okra 0 – 1.6 90–95
Onions 0 – 1.6 -0.7 65-75 1–8 months
Onions green 0 -0.8 95–100     3–4 weeks
Oranges 4.4 – 7.2 90-95
Papayas 10 – 12.8 85-95
Parsley 0 -1.1 95-100 2-3 months
Parsnips 0 -0.8 98-100 4-6 months
Peaches -0.6 – 0 -0.9 90-95 2-4 weeks
Pears -1.7 – -0.5 -1.5 90-95 2-7 months
Peas, green 0 -0.6 95-98 1-2 weeks
Peas, southern 4.44 – 5 95 6-8 days
Peppers, hot chili 0 – 10 60-70 6 months
Peppers, sweet 7 – 12.8 -0.7 90-95 2-3 weeks
Persimmons 0 – 1.7 90-95
Pineapples 10 – 12.8 85-95
Plums -0.6 – 0 -0.8 90-95 2-5 weeks
Pomegranates 5 – 10 90-95
Potatoes 7.2 – 10 90-95
Precut Fruit 0 – 2.2 90-95
Precut Vegetables 0 – 2.3 90-95
Prunes -0.6 – 0 -0.8 90-95 2-5 weeks
Pumpkins 10 – 12.8 -0.8 65-70 2-3 months
Quinces -0.5 – 0 -2 90 2-3 months
Quinces 0 – 1.6 90-95
Radishes, spring 0 -0.7 95-100 3-4 weeks
Radishes, winter 0 95-100 2-4 months
Raspberries -0.6 – 0 -1.1 90-95 2-3 days
Rhubarb 0 -0.9 95-100 2-4 weeks
Rutabagas 0 -1 98-100 4-6 months
Salad Mixes 0 – 1.6 90-95
Salsify 0 -1.11 95-98 2-4 months
Spinach 0 -0.2 95-100 10-14 days
Sprouts 0 – 1.6 90-95
Squashes, summer 5 – 10 -0.5 95 1-2 weeks
Squashes, winter 10 -0.8 50-70 1-6 months
Strawberries 0 -0.7 90-95 3-7 days
Sweet Potatoes 12 – 16 -1.2 85-90 4-7 months
Tangerines 0 – 1.6 90-95
Tangerines 4.4 – 7.2 90-95
Tomatoes, mature green 12 – 21 -0.5 90-95 1-3 weeks
Tomatoes, ripe 12 – 21 -0.5 90-95 4-7 days
Turnip greens 0 -0.1 95-100 10-14 days
Turnips 0 -1 95 4-5 months
Watercress 0 -0.3 95-100 2-3 weeks
Watermelon 12 – 21 85-95

 

 

MEAT (FRESH)

Product Refrigerator
(0.5° C – 4.4 °C)
Freezer
(-17 °C)
Beef 3-5 days 4-12 months
Veal or Pork 3-5 days 4-12 months
lamb 3-5 days 4-12 months
Steaks, beef 3-5 days 4-12 months
Chops Pork 3-5 days 3-4 months
Chops lamb or veal 3-5 days 6-9 months
Ground beef, stew meat, ground pork 1-2 days 3-4 months
Sausage, pork 1-2 days 1-2 months
Bratwurst, fresh 2-3 days 2-3 months
Variety meats (liver, kidneys) 1-2 days

3-4 months

MEAT (COOKED)

Product Refrigerator
(0.5° C – 4.4 °C)
Freezer
(-17 °C)
Canned meat, opened 2-3 days Not recommended
Cooked meat 3-4 days 2-3 months
Gravy and meat broth 1-2 days

2-3 months

 

MEAT (PROCESSED AND CURED)

Product Refrigerator
(0.5° C – 4.4 °C)
Freezer
(-17 °C)
Bacon 7 days 1 months
Frankfurters 7 days 1-2 months
Ham whole 7 days 1-2 months
Ham half 3-5 days 1-2 months
Ham canned (unopened) 8-12 days Not Recommended
Luncheon meats 3-5 days 1-2 months
Sausage smoked 7 days 1-2 months
Dry and semi-dry sausage 2-3 weeks 6 months

 

POULTRY FRESH

Product Refrigerator
(0.5° C – 4.4 °C)
Freezer
(-17 °C)
Chicken and turkey (whole) 1-2 days 12 months
Chicken (pieces) 1-2 days 9 months
Turkey (pieces) 1-2 days 6 months
Duck and goose (whole) 1-2 days 6 months
Giblets 1-2 days 3-4 months

 

POULTRY COOKED

Product Refrigerator
(0.5° C – 4.4 °C)
Freezer
(-17 °C)
Canned poultry, opened 2-3 days 4 months
Cooked poultry dishes 3-4 days 4-6 months
Pieces (covered with broth) 1-2 days 6 months
Pieces (not in broth) 3-4 days 4 months
Fried chicken 3-4 days 4 months

 

WILD GAME

Product Refrigerator
(0.5° C – 4.4 °C)
Freezer
(-17 °C)
Venison 3-5 days 6-12 months
Rabbit, squirrel 1-2 days 12 months
Wild duck, pheasant, goose (whole) 1-2 days 6 months

 

SEA FOOD

Product Refrigerator
(0.5° C – 4.4 °C)
Freezer
(-17 °C)
Canned fish, seafood, opened 3-4 days 4-6 months
Clams, oysters (shucked) and scallops 1-2 days 3-4 months
Crab 1-2 days 4 months
Shrimp 1-2 days 3-6 months
Lobster (shelled or not) 1-2 days 6 months
Freshwater fish, cleaned 3-5 days 6-9 months
Fillets: cod, flounder, haddock, pollack, mullet,
ocean perch, sea perch, sea trout, striped bass
1-2 days 46 months
Salmon steak 1-2 days 2 months
Cooked fish 3-4 days 1-3 months

 

BAKED

Product Refrigerator
(0.5° C – 4.4 °C)
Freezer
(-17 °C)
Partially baked cinnamon rolls 2 months
Unbaked rolls and bread 2-3 weeks 1 month
Baked quick breads 2 months
Baked breads 1-2 weeks 2-3 months
Waffles 1 month
Unbaked fruit pies 1-2 days 2-4  months
Baked fruit pies 4-5 days 6-8 months
Pumpkin or chiffon pies 1-2 days chiffon
3-4 days pumpkin
Chiffon not recommended
1-2 month pumpkin
Baked cookies Not recommended 6-12 months
Cookie dough 3 months
Frosted baked cakes 1 week 1 month
Unfrosted baked cakes 1 week 2-4 month
Angel cakes 1 week 6-12 month
Fruit cakes 6 months 12 months

 

 

DAIRY

Product Refrigerator
(0.5° C – 4.4 °C)
Freezer
(-17 °C)
Butter 3 months 6-9 months
Buttermilk 1-2 weeks 3 months
Cheese: cottage ricotta, cream cheese 1-2 weeks 1 month
Pasteurized process cheese 1-2 months 6-8 months
Coffee whitener (liquid) 3 weeks  See package
Cream, light or half 4 weeks 4 months
Cream, heavy or whipping 1 week Not recommended
Dip, sour-cream:commercial
homemade


4 weeks
1 week
Not recommended
Margarine 6 months 12  months
Sour cream 2-3 weeks Not recommended
Yogurt 1 month Not recommended

 

MILK

Product Refrigerator
(0.5° C – 4.4 °C)
Freezer
(-17 °C)
Evaporated, opened 3-5 days Not recommended
Whole or low-fat 1 week Not recommended
Reconstituted nonfat dry 1 week Not recommended
Sweekend, condensed, opened 3-5 days Not recommended

 

AGED CHEESE

Product Refrigerator
(0.5° C – 4.4 °C)
Freezer
(-17 °C)
Large pieces, packaged or wax-coated 6 months
Slices or opened packages 1 month 6-8 months
Parmesan, romano (grated) 1 month 3-4 months

 

EGGS AND PRODUCTS CONTAINING EGGS

Product Refrigerator
(0.5° C – 4.4 °C)
Freezer
(-17 °C)
Eggs, in shell, fresh 2-5 weeks Not recommended
Eggs, fresh yolks or whites 4 days 12 months
Eggs, in shell, hard-cooked 2 weeks Not recommended
Egg – containing products:Custards, custard sauces, puddings, custard-filled, pastries or cakes 1-2 days Not recommended
Canned pudding, opened 1-2 days Not recommended

 

MISCELLANEOUS

Product Refrigerator
(0.5° C – 4.4 °C)
Freezer
(-17 °C)
Baby food 2-3 days Not recommended
Soups, stews 2-3 days 4-6 months
Sandwiches 2-3 days 1 months
Casseroles 1-2 days 1 months
Ground spices 6 months 6-12 months
Candies Not necessary 3-6 months
Salad dressings, opened Several months Not recommended
Hamburgers 1-2 days 3-4 months

 

PANTRY

Product At 21°C Comments
 Baking powder 18 months Keep dry and covered
Baking soda 18 months – 2 years Keep dry and covered
Bouillon cubes or granules 2 years Keep dry and covered
Bread, room temperature 2-4 days Freeze for longer storage
Bread crumbs, dried 6 months Keep dry and covered
Cereals: 

Ready to eat, unopened

Ready to eat, opened

6-12 months

2-3 months
Refold package liner tightly after opening
Hot cereal, dry 6 months
Chocolate:

Semi-sweet

Unsweetened

Pre-melted


18 months – 2 years

18 months – 2 years

12 months




Keep cool
Chocolate syrup:

Unopened

Opened


2 years

6 months


Cover tightly
Coffee, instant, unopened

Opened
1-2 years

2-3 months
Cornmeal 12 months Keep tightly covered
Cornstarch 18 months Keep tightly covered
Flour:

White

Whole wheat


6-12  months

6-8 months


Keep in airtight container

Refrigerated
Honey 12 months Cover tightly
Jellies, jams 12 months Cover tightly
Marshmallow cream, unopened 3-4 months Refrigerate after opening
Mayonnaise, unopened 3-4  months Refrigerate after opening
Milk:

Condensed or evaporated, unopened

Nonfat dry, unopened

Nonfat dry, opened


12 months

6 months

3 months

Invert cans every 2 months to prevent separation.
Store in airtight container.
Pasta:

Spaghetti, macaroni

Egg noodles


1-2 years

6 months


Once opened, store in airtight container
Rice:

Brown

White

Flavored or herb


1 year

1-2 years

6 months

Keep tightly covered
Salad dressings:
Bottled, unopened

10-12 months

Refrigerate after opening
Sugar:

Brown

Confectioners

granulated


4 months

18 months

2 years

Once opened, store in airtight container
Syrups 12 months Refrigerate after opening
Tea:

Bags

Instant

Loose


18 months

3 years

2 years

Store in an airtight container.
Vegetable oils:

Unopened

Opened


6 months

1-3 months

Refrigeration extends shelf life.
Vinegar:

Unopened

Οpened


2 years

12 months

Keep tightly covered.
Biscuit, brownie, muffin mix 9 months Keep cool and dry
Cakes:

Purchased Mixes,

Standard mixes,

Angel food


1-2 days

12-18 months

12 months

Keep cool and dry
Cookies:

Homemade

Packaged

             
2-3 weeks
                 
2 months


Store in an airtight container.
Crackers: 8 months Keep tightly closed
Hot roll mix 18 months Store in an airtight container.
Pancake mix 15 months Store in an airtight container.
Potatoes, instant mix 6-12 months Keep cool and dry
Pudding mixes 12 months Store in an airtight container.
Rice mixes 6 months Keep cool and dry
Sauce and gravy mixes 1-2 years Keep cool and dry
Soup mixes 12 months Keep cool and dry
Toaster pastries 6 months Store in an airtight container.
Tortillas 2-4 days Refrigerate after opening.
Canned fruit juices 9 months Keep Cool
Canned foods, unopened 12-18 months Keep Cool
Fruits, dried 6 months
Vegetables:

Dried

Dehydrated flakes


1 year

6 months
Keep Cool
In an airtight container
Catsup, chili sauce:

Unopened

Opened


12 months

1 month


Refrigerate for longer storage.
Hot sauce 1 year Refrigerate after opening.
Mustard:

Unopened

Opened


1 year

1 year

May be refrigerated
Species and herbs:

Whole spices

Ground spices

Herbs

Herb spice blends


1-2 years

6 months

6 months

6 months


Keep Cool In an airtight container away from sunlight and heat.
Vanilla and other extracts:

Unopened

Opened


2 years

12 months


Keep tightly closed.
Commercial salsa, unopened 12-18 months Refrigerate after opening.
Cheese, Parmesan, grated 10 months Refrigerate after opening.
Coconut:
Shredded, canned or packaged, unopened

12 months

Refrigerate after opening.
Meat substitutes
(imitation bacon ets)
4 months Keep tightly covered, refrigerate for longer storage.
Powdered breakfast mixes 6 months Store in covered containers or original packages.
Nuts:

In shell, unopened

Vacuum can, unopened

Package or can, opened


4 months

12 months

1 month


Refrigerate after opening.
Peanut butter:

Unopened

Opened


6-9 months

1 month


Refrigeration not needed, but keeps longer if it is stored.
Peas, beans, dried 12 months Store in an airtight container
Microwave popcorn 2 years

1 year

Store in an airtight container
Whipped topping, dry 12 months Keep cool and dry.
Yeast, dry Expiration date on package Refrigerate after opening.

 

The development and implementation of the HACCP or ISO 22000 rules, which is a ‘safety valve’, has helped to reduce food poisoning, reduce fines for food businesses and increase consumer confidence.

You can make the process of food preservation simpler and alleviate the risks of food spoiling, by taking advantage of advanced temperature sensors and data logging systems.

The use of wireless temperature data loggers, such as HAM ThermoSense, can effectively contribute to temperature monitoring and food preservation.

With HAM ThermoSense you can easily reduce the cost of maintenance and operation of professional refrigerators and have immediate information in case of power failure or power outage.

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